ENSO is currently in the Neutral range, and is predicted to remain Neutral until at least
December 2025.
Global Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs) remain substantially above average, with monthly averaged SSTs in 2025 being the second warmest on record for each respective month, second only to temperatures recorded in 2024.
This forecast is consistent with the majority of international Models, but there is a larger spread in the model forecasts towards the end of the outlook period, which indicates greater uncertainty towards the end of the southern hemisphere spring season.